Study ID | Study types | Diagnostic methods | Therapy duration | Treatment groups | Patients | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Source of infection | Gender | Age | Type of leptospirosis | Total number | |||||
Doherty RL [25] (1954) | RS | MAT | Unclear | Penicillin low dosage, 100,000 units/3Â h; high dosage, 500,000 units/3Â h vs. chloramphenicol vs. no antibiotic | Australia | Male and female | Children and adults | Unclear | 111 |
Fairburn AC [26] (1956) | CT | MAT | At least 5Â days | Penicillin 600,000 units/6Â h vs. chloramphenicol 0.5Â g/6Â h vs. no antibiotics | Malaya | Male | Adults | Unclear | 83 |
Russell RW [27] (1958) | RCT | Blood culture or serological tests | At least 5Â days | Oxytetracycline 1.5Â g followed by 0.5Â g/6Â h vs. placebo | Malaysia | Male and female | Adults | Unclear | 52 |
McClain JB [28] (1984) | RCT | MAT, Leptospira cultures | 7Â days | Doxycycline 100Â mg/12Â h vs. placebo | Panama | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | 29 |
Watt G (1988) [29] | RCT | MAT | 7Â days | Penicillin 1.5 million units/6Â h vs. placebo | Philippines | Male and female | Children and adults | Late | 42 |
Edwards CN [30] (1988) | RCT | MAT, ELISA, or Leptospira cultures | 5Â days | Penicillin 2 million units/6Â h vs. placebo | West Indies | Unclear | Unclear | Icteric | 79 |
Marotto PC [31] (1997) | RS | MAT, plasma specific, PCR | Unclear | Penicillin 100,000 units/kg of body weight/day or ampicillin 100Â mg/kg of body weight/day vs. untreated | Brazil | Male and female | Children | ARF and icteric | 43 |
Daher EF (2000) [32] | RCT | ELISA | 8Â days | Penicillin 6 million units/day vs. no antibiotic | Brazil | Male and female | Adults | ARF and icteric | 35 |
Costa E (2003) [33] | RCT | The macroscopic slide test, MAT, blood culture, epidemiological findings | 7Â days | Penicillin 6 million units/day (1 million units/4Â h) vs. no antibiotic | Brazil | Male and female | Children and adults | Late | 253 |
Panaphut T (2003) [34] | RCT | Serologically proven IgM specific | 7Â days | Ceftriaxone 1Â g/day vs. penicillin 1.5 million units/6Â h | Thailand | Male and female | Children and adults | Severe | 173 |
Suputtamongkol Y (2004) [35] | RCT | MAT, IFAT, MCAT | 7Â days | Penicillin 1.5 million units/6Â h vs. cefotaxime 1Â g/6Â h vs. doxycycline 200Â mg first dose followed by 100Â mg/12Â h | Thailand | Male and female | Children and adults | Severe | 256 |
Phimda K (2007) [36] | RCT | MAT | 7Â days/2Â days | Doxycycline 200Â mg the first dose followed by 100Â mg/12Â h vs. azithromycin 1Â g initially followed by 500Â mg/day | Thailand | Male and female | Children and adults | Late | 80 |
Daher EF (2012) [37] | RS | MAT | Unclear | Penicillin 6 million units/day vs. placebo | Brazil | Male and female | Unclear | ARF | 287 |